Lore Segal, author of autobiographical novels of her life as a young Jewish Viennese refugee in England and as an émigré in America, died on Oct. 7 at her home in Manhattan. She was 96.

Ms. Segal was one of 500 children who boarded a train in Vienna as part of the British-organized Kindertransport that delivered them from Nazi-occupied territory to foster families in England. Ms. Segal, age 10, was registered as No. 152, the only child of middle-class parents. Her parents followed in 1939.

She ultimately settled in New York and began to tell tales of her exile. “Other People’s Houses,” Ms. Segal’s memoir-disguised as a novel, first appeared in serial form in The New Yorker before it was published as a book in 1964. She became a regular contributor to the magazine. Her 2007 novel, Shakespeare’s Kitchen, was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in fiction.

Lily Ebert, a Holocaust survivor and author, died Oct. 9, at her home in London. She was 100. In July 1944, when she was 20 years old, she and most of her family were packed onto a train and sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp where, on arrival, she watched as her mother and two of her siblings were led to a gas chamber. She vowed that if she survived, she would tell the world what had happened to them, and to those who had no one to tell their stories.

She survived, and she spent the rest of her life fulfilling that vow. She spoke publicly about her experience, wrote a memoir, Lily’s Promise, which became a New York Times bestseller, and educated millions of young followers about the horrors of the Holocaust on TikTok, through an account she shared with her great-grandson Dov Forman.

Joseph H. Reich, a financier and philanthropist who with his wife created one of New York City’s first independently-run public schools, proving that impoverished students could outperform expectations in such a setting, and which helped to kick-start the city’s charter-school movement died ongtyt Sept. 29 at his home in Sheffield, MA. He was 89.

Convinced that city-run schools were failing to educate students in high-poverty neighborhoods, Mr. Reich and his wife, Carol Friedman Reich, raised $1 million and secured a building, opening the Beginning With Children school in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn in 1992. Six years later, New York State passed the Charter Schools Act, codifying rules for such experiments. Today, 15 percent of New York City schoolchildren are enrolled in one of the city’s 281 charter schools.

Lillian Schwartz, one of the first artists to mesh art, science and technology through computer-generated art, died on Oct. 12 at her home in Manhattan. She was 97.

Early on, she experimented with watercolors, acrylics and sculptures, but turned to the computer when she was invited to join Bell Labs in the late 1960s to create films using photo filters, paint, lasers and discarded footage from science films, among other elements.

“I never really could stay with one medium,” she told the Computer History Museum. “I would always learn the traditional method and then try to push the medium to find other ways to use it.”

Arie Kopelman, the president and CEO of Chanel Inc., who with marketing savvy helped transform an old French couture house into a global luxury brand, died on Oct. 7 at his home in Manhattan. He was 86.

During his run, the company’s annual sales soared to $7 billion from $357 million, expanding Chanel’s accessories, eyewear, cosmetics, fragrance and skin-care lines. Previously, he spent 20 years at the advertising agency Doyle Dane Bernbach.

In 1989, President Ronald Reagan appointed Mr. Kopelman to the United States Holocaust Memorial Council. He also served on numerous boards, including those of Columbia Business School, St. Bernard’s School in Manhattan, the New York City Ballet, and the Municipal Art Society.

Leon N. Cooper, a Nobel-winning physicist who helped unlock the secret of superconductivity and who did pioneering work in understanding how memory and the brain work, died on Oct. 23 at his home in Providence, RI. He was 94.

Some of the greatest physicists of thed 20th century, including Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Wolfgang Pauli and Richard Feynman, tried to explain how superconductivity works. Dr. Cooper helped crack the code with two colleagues at the University of Illinois — John Bardeen and J. Robert Schrieffer. Years later, Dr. Cooper recalled that if he had known how many eminent scientists had tried and failed to solve the concept of superconductivity, he probably would not have tried.

Dr. Cooper spent most of his career at Brown University, where he became interested in neuroscience and went to work on one of the central puzzles in the field: how people learn. Among the discoveries was how people learn to see.

According to Dr. Cooper’s daughters, when he was young, he told his father that he wanted to become a physicist because “there is no other way that I can know about everything.”

Bette A. Prashker, a pioneering woman in the book business who published the feminist classics Sexual Politics by Kate Millet and Backlash by Susan Faludi, died on July 30 in Alford, MA. She was 99.

The list of authors Ms. Prashker discovered, championed or positioned for best-sellerdom as a top editor and executive at Doubleday and also Crown included Isaac Asimov, Erik Larson, Dave Barry and Dominick Dunne.