Robert A. Katzmann, who as chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in New York helped guarantee legal representation to immigrants, championed civic education and demystified judicial proceedings for the public, died June 9 in a Manhattan hospital. He was 68.

As the son and grandson of Jewish refugees who had fled Germany and Russia, Judge Katzmann was instrumental in the establishment of the New York Immigrant Family Unity Project, the first government-funded program of legal assistance for noncitizens being held by the authorities under a federal law.

Widely credited as the first federal judge to hold a doctoral degree in government, he believed that while justice ought to be blind, the process of meting it out should be transparent.

To that end, in 2014, he and U.S. District Judge Victor Marrero started the Committee on Civic Education, which culminated in Justice for All: Courts and the Community, an educational initiative to make the judicial system more accessible. During the pandemic, audio of courtroom sessions was live-streamed for the first time.

“What I really wanted to do was bring our courts and our communities closer together,” Judge Katzmann told The New York Law Journal last year. “If I had to say what is my signature initiative, if one can ever talk that way, it would be that.”

Saul B. Cohen, who helped restore higher academic standards at the City University of New York as president of Queens College and as a member of the state Board of Regents and who revitalized his own field of political geography, died June 9 at his home in Larchmont, NY. He was 95.

Before Queens College, Dr. Cohen was a professor and dean of the Graduate School of Geography at Clark University in Worcester, MA, where he earned a reputation for upgrading the school’s academic standards and increasing minority enrollment. Previously he taught at Boston University. He wrote or edited 16 books.

After leaving Queens College in 1985, he served as director of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, an international relief organization.

Six Americans were among 45 ultra-Orthodox Jews who died in a crush of Lag B’Omer observers at Mount Meron in northern Israel, by the tomb of an ancient Jewish mystic, Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai. Every year, tens of thousands throng to the area to celebrate the rabbi and to light bonfires as part of the celebrations. It is unclear what caused the stampede.

Among the dead are Donny Morris, 19, from New Jersey; Eliezer Zvi Yuzef, 26, and Menachem Knoblowitz, 22, both of New York. Yousef Amran Tauber and Yousef Kahn were also killed, ages and home states not released.

Fred Jordan, the publishing partner of Barney Rosset, whose groundbreaking Grove Press and Evergreen Review fended off government censors to introduce avant-garde authors who inspired the counterculture of the 1960s, died April 19 in Brooklyn. He was 95.

“The lifting of the ban on language had far-reaching significance, not just for writers and readers,” Mr. Jordan would tell students at New York University in a lecture he occasionally delivered. “Much of what later came to be known as the counterculture received its impetus from a new spirit of liberalism and freedom, which arose out of the new openness and the removal of old restraints.”

Mr. Jordan was a Holocaust survivor. He was to have been bar mitzvahed in his home town of Vienna on Nov. 9, 1938, but the ceremony was pre-empted by Kristallnacht. Fred escaped Vienna as part of the Kindertransport. His father was arrested but later smuggled out of Austria. He survived the war in the basement of a Belgian church. His mother was interned in the Lodz ghetto in German-occupied Poland in 1940, then transported to the Chelmno extermination camp.

Faye Schulman, a Holocaust survivor who lost most of her family to the Nazis but joined a group of partisan fighters and documented their work in photographs, died April 24. She was 101.

Schulman’s photographs often depicted the smiling faces of young partisan fighters, with Schulman at times at the center in a stylish leopard print coat. Michael Berkowitz, a professor of Jewish history at University College London, told The Forward that her photos were “extremely important in documenting the history of the resistance.”

Schulman’s family was killed in 1942 when the Nazis liquidated the ghetto in Lenin, Poland. She was saved due to her occupation; she was put to work photographing Nazi officials and developing prints.

She joined the partisans after escaping to the forests, and she became a nurse to wounded partisan soldiers. She was liberated by Soviet troops in 1944, and later that year married a fellow Jewish member of the partisans, Morris Schulman. In 1995, Schulman published a book, A Partisan’s Memoir: Woman of the Holocaust that included many of her photographs.

American actor, director and producer Norman Nathan Lloyd died May 10 at age 106.

He appeared on Broadway as Japhet in André Obey’s biblical play “Noah” in 1935, and later as Cinna the Poet in Orson Welles’ 1937 staging of “Julius Caesar.” When Alfred Hitchcock was looking for an actor to play the title role in his 1942 film “Saboteur,” Lloyd’s performance made him a memorable baddie.

Hitchcock would remain a professional friend, eventually employing Lloyd as producer and director for his TV suspense programs, and casting him in “Spellbound,” “A Walk in the Sun,” and “Arch of Triumph.” Later, film audiences applauded Lloyd in “Dead Poets Society” and TV audiences enjoyed his performance of Dr. Daniel Auschlander in the 1980s medical drama “St. Elsewhere.” As producer, Norman Lloyd brought culture to TV with presentations of Arthur Miller’s “Incident at Vichy,” Bruce Jay Friedman’s “Steambath,” Clifford Odets’ “Awake and Sing,” and Lillian Hellman’s Another Part of the Forest,” among others.