Anita A. Summers, an economist at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania who addressed a variety of public policy topics, including zoning, education and tax incentives, died on Oct. 29 at her home in Gladwyne, PA. She was 98. Her son Lawrence H. Summers, the economist and former Secretary of the Treasury, confirmed the death.

She insisted that public policymaking be strengthened with economic analysis, that the business and finance world could benefit from a greater understanding of policymaking. That, in fact, was her primary task at Wharton, where she moved in 1979 after spending nearly a decade at the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. She was the founding chair of Wharton’s public policy and management department, the first of its kind at a business school.

Both at the Philadelphia Fed and later at Wharton, Mrs. Summers was a leading advocate of public planning at the regional level, pushing city and state governments to collaborate on economic issues that often crossed political boundaries.

Alan G. Hevesi, a New York politician who spent 35 years as an elected official until he suffered a fall from grace that led to his resignation as state comptroller and 20 months in prison for corruption, died on Nov. 9 in East Meadow, L.I. He was 83.

On Oct. 23, 2006, a state ethics commission concluded that Mr. Hevesi had knowingly violated the law by improperly assigning a public employee to handle personal chores. On Nov. 3, he was ordered by Attorney General Eliot Spitzer to reimburse the state $90,000 in addition to $83,000 he had already paid. Yet, on Nov. 7, he was reelected. A month later, he pleaded guilty to defrauding the government and resigned from office.

Four years later, in October 2010, he pleaded guilty to corruption charges stemming from a pay-to-play scheme in which, as comptroller, he had accepted $1 million in gifts, trips and campaign contributions for steering $250 million in New York State pension fund investments to a California venture capitalist. Mr. Hevesi was sentenced to one to four years in prison, and was released on parole on Dec. 19, 2012, after serving 20 months.

Ida Applebroog, an artist who confronted the violence, coercion and mortality that can simmer beneath everyday relationships with a prolific stream of drawings, paintings, sculptures and videos, died on Oct. 21 at her home in Manhattan. She was 93.

Writing in The New York Times in 2010, Randy Kennedy called her work “funny in a way that skews toward weird without losing the ha-ha.” Her work also demonstrates her comfort in grappling with the unspeakable, the unshakable, and the unknown, The Times said.

“It’s hard to say ‘What is your work about,’” she said in a 2005 interview with the website Art21. “But for me it’s really how power works — male over female, parents over children, governments over people, doctors over patients.”

Her work is in the collections of the Whitney, the MOMA, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the Guggenheim Museum.

Gary Winnick, a former junk-bond salesman who in 1997 founded Global Crossing, a telecommunications company that laid fiber-optic cable underwater around the world to speed internet and phone traffic, but that imploded five years later under billions of dollars in debt, died on Nov. 4 at his estate in Los Angeles. He was 76.

For a time, Mr. Winnick was the wealthiest person in Los Angeles, according to the Los Angeles Business Journal. He spread his philanthropy to the United States Holocaust Museum in Washington and to the Simon Wiesenthal Center and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, both in Los Angeles.

In 2000, he bought his 40,000-square-foot, 60-room estate, called Casa Encantada, for $94 million from David Murdock, a billionaire businessman. He subsequently spent millions more renovating it. Four years ago, he listed it for $225 million. Its current asking price, $250 million, is believed to be the highest for a home ever publicly listed in the United States.

Linda R. Hirshman, a lawyer, philosophy professor, and author who enraged liberals and conservatives alike with an essay attacking women who chose to stay home and raise children, died on Oct. 31, in Burlington VT. She was 79.

In 2005, she published an article in “The American Prospect,” a progressive policy journal, criticizing women who chose to drop out of the workforce to raise families as a bad choice. She argued that affluent women with elite degrees were disappearing from the halls of power in law, business and politics and that the choice was harmful to them personally and to the country because their absence meant that more than half of the American population would be underrepresented in the places where policy was made.

The articles later grew into a book, and four more books followed. At the time of her death, she was working on a book with Margaret Sullivan, the media and political columnist, about the roots of right-wing media and how its growth has destabilized democracies in several countries including the United States. The working title was “Hate, Inc.”

George Tscherny, a leading figure in graphic design, whose work unified the clean lines of modern art with pop sensibility, died on Nov. 13 at his home in Manhattan. He was 99.

The family fled Germany after Kristallnacht and ultimately settled in New Jersey, after George and his brother Alex lived for several years in a home for refugee children.

Trained at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, Mr. Tscherny apprenticed in Manhattan design studios for five years, then opened his own practice in 1955. He soon had a client list that included American Can, Colgate Palmolive, Pan Am and RCA, all hiring his office to design advertising, logos and annual reports. Unlike other graphic designers of the era, his work brought in humor and humanity. He taught at the School of Visual Arts in Manhattan, created its graphic design program, and designed its logo, still in use today.

Helen Marcus, a photographer whose evocative black-and-white portraits of literary figures and film and television personalities graced book jackets and magazine covers for decades, died on Oct. 1 at her home in Manhattan. She was 97.

Her fame as a photographer, and her leadership role as a defender of her profession on issues of copyright and credit were all the more notable because the field at the time was so overwhelmingly dominated by men.

Helen Marcus founded the New York chapter of the American Society of Magazine Photographers (later the American Society of Media Photographers) in 1982 and served as its national president from 1985 to 1990. From 1998 to 2007, she was president of the W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund, an organization named for the celebrated photojournalist that was established in 1979 to help independent photographers complete their projects.

Her work appeared in Time, Forbes, Gourmet and other magazines, and in The New York Times. Her photographs are included in the permanent collections of the National Portrait Gallery and the International Center of Photography. Her 1977 photograph of Toni Morrison inspired an etching that appeared on a Swedish postage stamp. “It’s probably the most reproduced photograph I ever made,” she said in an interview with New Letters magazine in 2007.